Building construction



J C. .MORRELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION May 16, 1939.

Filed Jan. 4, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet l v J. C. MORRELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION I Maiy 16,1939.

Filed Jan. 4, 1937 10 Sheets-Shet 2 HHHH F LH HH.

May 16, 1939. J. c. MORRELL 2,

' BUILDING CONSTRUCTIQN Filed Jan. 4, 1957 10 Sheets-Sheet s May 16, 1939.

I J. C. MORRELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION l0 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 4, 1937 fizv/e n for.

May 16, 1939.

J. c. M ORRELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1o Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 4, 1957- ZZZ/672107":

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J. c. MORRELL 2,158,082

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION May 16, 1939.

10 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Jan. 4, 1957 r, i f j a i f a J5 I j I N ,1 I i f L I I g .4 i L A a A F y 1939- J. c. MORRELL 2,158,082

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 4, 1957 10 Sheets-Sheet 7 y 1939- V J. c. MORRELL 2,158,082

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 4, 19:57 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 l y 1939 J. c. MORRELL 2,158,082

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 4, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 Jizfen for."

May 16, 1939.

J. c. MORRELL. 2,158,082 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 4, 1937 10 Sheets-Sheet l0 Patented May 16, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,158,082 nmnme CONSTRUCTION Jacque C. Mon-ell; Oak Park, Ill. Application January 4, 1937, Serial No. 118,966

24 Claims.

This invention particularly refers to an improved method and means of wall construction, particularly adapted for use in buildings, such as residences for example, wherein protection against heat and loss of heat is essential.

This invention is concerned principally with an improved method and means of installing and re taining wall slabs or panels preferably composed of material possessing good insulating qualities, in the walls of such a structure. These slabs are placed between spaced stud members in the outer walls of the structure and are permanently aflixed to the adjacent studs and thus retained in place in the wall by various alternative but nonequivalent means which do not impair the good insulating characteristics of the slabs, or of the wall as a whole. Preferably the slabs are so placed in relation to the studs as to provide a substantial thickness of insulation between the inner and-outer faces of the studs and the inner and outer faces of the wall.

One specific embodiment of the invention, wherein the structural frame work of .the outer walls of abuilding includes spaced metal studs such as, for example, H-columns, I-beams, or channels having flanges substantially parallel to opposite faces of the wall, the pairs of slabs of insulating material or in general, wall material facing one another,-the combined thickness of whichis preferably greater than that of the studs and extending a substantial distance beyond opposite faces of the studs-are attached to the latter by members embedded in the slabs between opposite faces thereof, which members protrude from the edges of the slabs adjacent to the studs and are attached to the "studs by suitable hanger-clips or brackets or by other means as hereinafter described or the slabs may be attached to each other. In another specific embodiment the attaching means comprise various devices which are transverse to the thickness of the slabs or in general perpendicular to the faces. Also the wall slabs are provided with elongated recesses in the opposite side edges in such a way that the re- 3 'cesses are brought into registration with the studs to form an enlarged recess enclosing and/or surrounding the studs.

General forms as well as several specific forms of the above mentioned embedded members may be employed within the scope of the invention.

' One of said general forms comprises a suitablebar, rod, tube, or the like which may be embedded in the slabs at spaced intervals at the time the slab is fabricated, or at any time prior to its placement in the wall, the embedded members vmaterial and the out out in being attached to the studs as the slab is placed in position. In another general form, the embedded members are separable from the slabs, the latter being provided with means for inserting the embedded-members therein after the slabs are 5 placed in position in, thewall. In still another form the slabs are attached to each other.

With the types of embedded members above mentioned they may either extend between and protrude from opposite vertical edges of the slab, 10 or may extend only partway into the slab from its vertical edges, in which latter case, the end of each of said members which is embedded in the slab may be anchored thereto in one or several manners which will be later described. The slabs may also be attached directly to the studs by nails or screws, the heads of which are preferably counter-sunk or may be attached to each other or combination methods of attachment selected from those described may be employed. It is to be understood that the various methods described ably abutting each other or they may have varying distances between them dependent on the specific method and means of attachment.

The accompanying drawings comprising Figures 1 to 50 inclusive, illustrate various modifications of the invention and the attaching means and illustrate the use of the various modifications in a wall having spaced stud members for attaching the pairs of slabs of insulating or wall material to the studs.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a side elevation of a section or portion of a wall in which the attaching means for the wall slabs or insulating material 40 on both sides of the studs extend between and penetrate adjacent vertical edges of said slabs and are embedded therein... Figure 2 is a sectional plan view along the plane indicated by the horizontal line 2-2 in Figure 1 and shows the embedded or penetrating means for attaching the slabs to the studs. Figure 3 is a vertical section taken along the line 3-3 of Figure 2 and further illustrates how the penetrating members are attached to brackets or clips on the studs. Figure 4 is-a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of Figure 1 showing more clearly the attaching means or hanger bar embedded in the slab of wall the slab to permit 56 stud.

Figure is a side elevational view of 'a modification of the wall shown in Figure 1 employing and I in Figure 1 are separate and spaced. Figure 6 is a horizontal section or plan view of Figure 23 taken in a plane along the line 89 of Figure 5 and shows clearly the arrangement of slabs, studs and attaching means. Figure 7 is a vertical sectionof Figure 6 taken along the line 1-I. Figure 8- is a fragmentary perspective view of a corner of the slab in Figure 5 showing cut out to permit ment.

Figure ,9 is aside eievational view partly in section of a wall with modified attaching means quite similar to that shown inFigures 5 to 8 in-' conformation with stud and facilitate attachclusive with the exception that the penetrating or embedded member extends only part way into the vertical edges of the-slab and are anchored in place in this case by a pin. Figure -is a sectional plan view of Figure 9 taken along a plane indicated by line ill-i0 in Figure 9. and

shows clearly the arrangement ofslabs, studs and attaching means. Figure'll is a vertical section of Figure 10 taken along the line li-l I. Figure 12 is a fragmentary perspective view of a corner of a slab such as shown in-Figure 9 showing the cut out arrangement to conform to studs, etc., and attaching orhanger rod or bar.

Figure 13 is a side elevation of a portion of a wall slab partly in section showing modification of attaching and anchoring means for the slab. Figure 14 is a sectional plan view of Figure 13 taken along a plane indicated by the line ll-ll in Figure 13. Figure '15 is a vertical sectional view of Figure 13 taken along a plane indicated by line l5-|5 in Figure 13. Figure 16 is a plan sectional view of a portion of wall showing attaching means and another type .of anchoring means similar {to that shown in Figure 9 except that the pin anchor is introduced through the side instead of the upper vertical edge of the slab. Figure 17 is a vertical section taken along line I 'l-l! of Figure 16. Figure 18 is a plan sectional view of a portion of wall slabs showing a modified form of self anchoring slab. Figure 19 is a frag I mentary plan view of a portion of a wall showing another modification of attaching means comprising brackets or hanger clips attached to the studs and hook-like members attached to the penetrating or embedded members in the slabs to hangthe same upon the brackets. Fig. 20 is a sectional view of Fig. 19 taken along the plane indicated by the line 20-min Fig. 19. Fig.21is

a vertical section taken along the line 2l2l of Fig. 19. Figs. 20 and 21 illustrate the manner inwhich the slabs are hung or supported by the hook members attached to the embedded elements on the hook-like brackets attachedv to the studs. Fig. 22 is a fragmentary plan view of wall slabs showing modification of'attaching means which comprise horizontally disposed bars p truding part way into the width ofthe slab along its horizontal edges and anchored to the slab by vertically disposed pins. 'The bars and pins, as

protrude into the slabs immediately above. In ,this particular embodiment the bars are hingedly attached to the flanges of the studs.

.Fig. 31.

' cation of my invention, as sh in Fig. 42 "taken along ready access'or attachment of the slab to the Fig. 23 is a sectional view of Fig. 22 taken on a plane indicated by line 23-23 of Fig. 22. Fig. 24 is a vertical section taken on the line 24-24 of Fig. 22. Fig. 25 is .a plan cross-sectional view of a wall showing another modification of attaching means for the slabs. means comprises spring actuated boltsor plungers embedded in the slabs engaging brackets or clips attached to the studs. Fig. 26 is an elevational view of slot construction for insertion or locking of plungers shown in Fig. 25. Fig. 27 is a view of the plunger partly in section and Fig. 28 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of the bolt and sleeve comprising the plunger as shown in Fig. 27.

' Fig. 29 of the drawings is a perspective view of a section of a wall in which two opposite and abutting slabs are attached to adjacent studs with nails. Fig. 30 is a fragmentary'sectional plan view of the same wall taken along a plane indicated by the line 20-30 in Fig. 29. Fig. 31 is a fragmentary plan view of the wall showing another modification thereof with special attachirg means for holding the slabs together and in place. Fig. 32 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the wall and the attaching means for holding one slab to the other shown in Fig. 31 and taken along a plane indicated by the line 32-32 in Fig. 33 is a perspective view of another modifio,wn in Fig. 29, substituting wood studs for the steel I-beam studs of Fig. 29. Fig. 34 is a perspective view of asection of wall showing another modification of attaching and holding means of the opposite and abutting slabs comprising bolts passing through recessed openings in the slabs. Fig. 35 is a fragmentary plan sectional view of a portion-of a wall similar to that shown in Fig. 34, showing a modified method of bolting the opposite slabs of the wall to a bar or strap between the twoslabs. Fig. 36 is a perspective view of a section of can with slabs of insulating or wall material on both sides of adjacent studs each supported on a Z-bar welded or otherwise amxed to the studs. Fig. 37 is a vertical cross-sectional view of Fig. 36 taken on a plane along the line 31-31 of Fig. 36 showing, in addition, foundation and footing.

wall construction shown in Fig. 36 except that the slabs abuteach other instead of being spaced apart. Fig. 39 is a vertical section of the wall arrangement shown in Fig. 38 taken along the plane indicated by the line 39-39 in Fig. 38. Fig. 40 is a fragmentary plan view of a modificationof wall construction similar to Fig. 36 with wood studs instead of steel beam studs. ,Fig. 41 is a vertical section of the modification shown in Fig. 40 and taken along a plane thereof indicated by the line lI-ll.

Fig. 42 is a perspective view of a modified construction of wall shown inFig. 36 in which wood studs are employed'and single slabs of wall or insulating material aresupported on the Z-bars between adjacent studs and surround the latter wise making it conform. I

Fig. 43 is a vertical section of the wall shown a plane indicated by the line'lHl in Fig. 42 and showing foundation and footing in addition. Fig. 44 is a fragmentary plan view of construction and type of wall shown in Fig. 42. Fig. 45 isa vertical section of the modification of wall construction shownin Fig. 46 along the plane indicated "by the line 46-46 The attachingv Fig. 38 is a fragmentary plan view of a type of in Fig. 46. Fig. 4.6 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of the invention as shown in Fig. 42 employing steel I-beam or other metal studs instead of wood with suitable filler pieces inserted on the bare side of the studs to cut down heat conductivity. Fig. 4'7 is a portion of a wall shown in vertical cross-section illustrating another modification of a wall whereby opposite and abutting slabs comprising the wall are attached and held in place by prongs mounted on straps or bars between adjacent studs. Fig. 48 is a cross-sectional plan view taken on aplane indicated by a line 48-48 of Fig. 4'7 showing the manner in which the straps or bars are connected to the studs and prongs distributed thereon to hold the slabs in place. Fig. 49 is a cross-sectional plan view of another modification of wall employing a prong or tang type of attaching means. The prongs or tangs are mounted on strips or bars between adjacent studs. The slabs are attached on opposite sides of the studs to the prongs distributed between adjacent studs. The slabs in Figv 49. are separated instead of abutting or contacting as in Fig. 48. Fig. 50 is a vertical section taken through the side of a typical onestory house illustrating one formof application of the invention in a complete assembly. The

prong or tang method of attachment is shown in Fig. 50.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the spaced stud members i are shown as I-beams in this particular case although H-columns, channels or the like may be employed, when desired. The studs may be mounted on a suitable base plate, not shown, which may be embedded in a foundation also not shown and the studs may be surmounted by a suitable load-distributing member, not shown, such as an I-beam, channel, angle, T-bar or the like. The studs maybe welded or otherwise attached in any conventional manher at their upper and lower ends to the respective structural members. Attached to both faces of the studs referred to as brackets are hangers 2 upon which the slabs 3 are supported by rodsor tubes 4 inserted in slots or openings 5.

The wall slabs 3 are provided in pairs facing each other, the inner and/or outer faces of the slabs on each side of the fianges of the studs being substantially parallel to each other and to the said flanges. The slabs may be substantially the same height as the stud members or, as in the case here illustrated, may be divided into a plurality of shorter superimposed slabs. A portion of the slab is cut away along parts of each vertical edge to provide recesses 6, as illustrated,

to allow the slab to pass over the brackets on the studs and topermit insertion of the rods 4 in the slot or opcning'5.

The tubes or rods 4 are embedded in the slabs each of which is provided with one or a plurality of such embedded members. Suitable openings maybe provided in the slab into which the rods I or tubes may be inserted before the slab is placed in position. or members 4 may be included in the slab as it is built up, particularly in case the slab is composed of laminations of fibrous insulating material or of molded or cast material.

The projecting ends of the tubes or' rods 4 engage slots or openings 5 in the brackets 2 which are welded or otherwise attached to the studs I.

' Referring to Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, studs 1 as in Figs. 1 to 4 and wall slabs 3a correspond in general to wall slabs 3 shown in Figs. 1 to 4. In Figs, 5 to 8 a portion of the slab is cut away along each vertical edge to form a recess and to allow a major portion of the opposite slabs to pass between the flanges 01 the adjacent studs.

Each of the slabs 3a is provided with one or a plurality of embedded members 4 which, as in the case of Figs. 1 to 4, may comprise tubular or rodlike elements extending between opposite vertical edges of the slab. Suitable openings may be provided in the slab into which members 4 may be inserted before the slab is placed in position in the the slabs to the studs and retain the same in their proper position in the wall.

The bracket or hanger protrudes beyond the flanges of the stud to which they are attached in order that the bar 4 may be shorter than the distance between the flanges of adjacent studs and still engage the slots or openings of the brackets or hangers at its opposite ends.

The portion of the slab cut away along each vertical edge leaves a flanged portion 8 along each v'erticaledge of the slab which registers against the face of the stud and locates the slab in its proper position in the wall. The shoulder 8aregisters against hanger or bracket 1 and assists further in proper location of the slabs. The

slabs are placed between the studs fromboth sides of the wall at a slightly higher elevation than their normal position in the wall, in order that the projecting portions of members 4 will not interfere with hangers 1, and after flanges 8 and shoulders 8d have been registered with the flanges of studs l and hangers "I the slab is lowered into its normal position, whereupon the protruding ends of members 4' engage the slots or openings 5 The modification in Figs. 5 to 8 permits the inner;

faces of the two'opposite slabs of the wall to abut or contact whereas the corresponding slabs in Figs. 1 to 4 are separate and spaced.

A tongue and groove or flanged construction or any other suitable arrangement, not shown, maybeprovided between the horizontal edges of adjacent superimposed slabs, serving to join the adjacent slabs and as a seal against the infiltration of air through the wall.

Obviously, in order to register the uppermost,

slabs in a wall with the uppermost hangers, a space 'is left in the wall immediately beneath the upper horizontal supporting member of the framework and above the uppermost wall slab. E. g. the space which remains after the slab is lowered to its normal position in the wall, may befill d with a suitable auxiliary strip or block, preferably These strips or blocks cf the same wall material. may be securely retained in position in any desired manner and are so retained by means of suitable spikes extending through openings provided in the lower flange of the horizontal structural 75 member, not shown, into the strips or blocks and, preferably, through the latter into slab 5, none of which is here shown.

While the fragmentary portion of the wall lower flange of a horizontal structural member,

not shown, which in the case of a one-story structure, may also carry conventional rafters or roof trusses, not shown. In the case of a two-story structure, the wall may be built up from the upper flange of an upper horizontal structural member referred to in the same manner as the lower story wall is built up from the lower horizontal structural member and, of course, more than two stories may be constructed, when'desired, in the same manner. A section of'a typical one-story wall showing the fioor and ceiling joistsand the roof is shown in Fig. 50, which will be later described.

In order to cover and protect the outer face of horizontal structural members ,a suitable block or strip of insulation, not shown, may be provided.

Figs. 9, 10, 11 and'12 inclusive correspond closely with Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 with the exception that the penetrating orembedded member la of Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12 extends only part way into the vertical edges of the slabs 3b and may employ a special anchoring means to retain them in place. Studs I and brackets or hangers 1 including slots or openings i in the same may be identical inboth cases. Slabs lb correspond closely to slabs 3a. The vertical flanges I I and shoulders I I a of the slab 3b in l 'ig. 12 corresponds closely to flanges 8 and .shoulders la of slab 3a in Fig. 8. The corresponding parts referred to have corresponding functions.

Horizontal flange or projecting oflset I lb and offset shoulder IIc in slab 3b are provided between horizontal edges of adjacent superimposed slabs and serve to join the adjacent slabs and as a seal against the infiltration of air through the wall.

. Referring now to the special feature of Figs. 9

1 to 12 inclusive, in this modification, as explained,

the tubes or rods 4a extend part way into the slabs fromits opposite vertical edges. Holes 9 are provided adjacent to the embedded end of the rod 4a through which'one end of an embedded vertical pin II is passed to lock the rod in place.

- Figs. 14 to 18 inclusive show other modifications f the type shown in Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive wherein the embedded member extends only part way into the slab with various anchoring means. Figs.

13, 14 and 15 illustrate another method of anchoring rods 4b (which are similar to rods 4a of Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive) into slab 30. In this case rods 4b are provided with a section II of reduced diarne eter, adjacent the end of the bar which is embedded in the slab, and another embedded member II (which replaces member III! of Figs. 9 to 12 includve) is provided with a slotted end II, which engages portion II of rod 4b. A shoulder I! is provided in the extreme end of'rod 4b, in order to securely interlock members 4b and I 2, leaving the desired portion of rod lb protruding from the vertical edge of the flange andpreventing movement thereof. Althoush round rods are here shown for members 4b and I2, any other desired shape may be employed. Flange l and offset shoulder 80 are vausaosa shown in Fig. 14 and similar vertical flange Il'and ofl'set shoulder 8a are shown in Fig. 5.

Figs. 16 and 17 illustrate-a method and means of anchoring rods. 4c in place in slab Id which is similar to that shown in Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive and except that a horizontally disposed pin I1 is employed, which is similar to but preferably shorter than pin III and which preferably is countersunk and does not project from either face of slab 3d. The hole left in one face of the slab when pin II is inserted is preferably filled with insulating mate rial. Holes II are provided adjacent to the embedded end of the rod 4c through which one end of the embedded horizontal pin is passed.

Fig. 18 illustrates how a tapered and threaded or in effect self-anchoring member 4d may be employed in slab 3e for attaching the same to the stud members in a wall, through the medium of clips, brackets or hangers such as-previously illustrated and described. Member 4d preferably has a wide-pitch thread I8, which permits its being driven into the edge ofthe slab and serves to anchor it in the slab. A shoulder, not shown, is

preferably provided on the protruding end of member id to actas a stop, so that member 4d will notbe driven too far into the slab.

Figs. 19 to 21 inclusive show a modification wherein the partially embedded members or rods designated by the numbers le are each provided at their opposite ends which protrude from'the vertical edges of slab U with a hook I9, the upper end of ,which engages a hookshaped bracket 20 or any other suitabletype of hanger, not shown, which is attached to stud I. As here illustrated rod 4e preferably is hexagonal or may be square,

octagonal or any other shape having corners or protrusions which will prevent the same from readily turning in-the slab so that hooks2l are easily maintained in an upright position. Round rods or tubes may, of course, beemployed, when desired, although they are not preferred with this specific form of attaching means. The slabs may be placed in position in the wall and-the separate members of the attaching means enaged in the same manner as above described in connection with the other modifications. Flanges 8 in the slab and offset shoulders 8a are 3150113.,

dicated in Fig. 19.

Figs. 22 to 24 inclusive illustrate a portion of a similar wall which instead of employing rods or tubes extending through the slabs 39 at points intermediate the horizontal edges thereof employs rectangular bars 24 embedded in adjacent horizontal edges of superimposed slabs 3g. Per-- tions of the inside vertical edges 'of the abutting pairs of slabs 39 are removed so as to form a.

recess or groove into which the lower part of the bar is embedded while the upper part of the bar is embedded in a similar groove or recess formed between the upper adjacent pair of abutting slabs. One end of the bar is attached to the stud by a .pin 22 extending between opposite flanges passing through a sleeve 23 which is integral or otherwise secured to the bar and loosely mounted on or embracing the pins. A lug 25 is attached to the other. end of the bar'which extends transversely from the bar and'which has apertures or holes 26 in the terminal or ends oi. the lugs for the reception 'of anchoring vertical pins Illa which areembedded in the slabs.

The pins IIIa may be embedded also as shownin the upper and'lower adjacent pairs of slabs or in the lower slabs only. In the latter case a tongue and groove or any other suitable arrangement may be provided in the lower and upper edges of adjacent slabs to assist in securing the same.

of members 21. An enlarged cross-sectional detail of stud l and brackets or clips 21, is shown in Fig. 26. Figs. 2'7 and 28 are enlarged details of plungers 28 and their complementary members.

Sheath or cylinder 29 in which plunger 28 is housed, contains a suitable spring 30 which actuates the plunger and normally holds it in an extended position, except when pressure is exerted at its outer end, and a suitable stop is provided adjacent the outer end of plunger 28 and sheath 29. The stop mechanism, in this particular case, comprises a groove 33 in the outer end of plunger 28, which is engaged by a deformed end portion of 34 of,sheath 29. The outer end of plunger 29 is cut at. an acute angle to its longitudinal axis as indicated at 28' in Fig. 28 and, as slab 3h is placed in position for insertion in the wall, the angular face of the outer end of the plunger rests against the angular face SI of bracket 21 and pressure exerted upon the face of the slab serves to' compress spring-30 and depress the plunger allowing the slab to move into place between the studs, whereupon, when the plunger reaches slot 32 in bracket 21 thespring forces it into the slot or opening and locks the slab securely in place. The preferred form of clip is illustrated in Fig. 26 since a'slot such as 32 permits a slight variation in the spacing of the embedded attaching members, so that they do not require as minutely accurate spacing in relation to the clips as is the case when the opening in the clips is approximately the same size and shape as the plungers.

Although the figures shown illustrate the use of a plurality of superimposed pairs of slabs between each pair of adjacent studs, it is entirely within the scope of the invention to employ a single pair of slabs between each pair of adjacent studs which may extend for example, from the base plate or foundation to or above the ceiling line, of the building.

The various modifications of supporting means for the wall slabs described until now may be employed interchangeably to a large extent and it is within the scope of the invention to use these modifications interchangeably where it is either practical or desirable to apply the same, for example, the various modifications in the use of bars embedded part way may be applied to the types of walls shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive as well as to Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive and vice versa. Also the various embedded bars shown in Figs. 19 to 21 inclusive may extend through the entire width of the slab or only part way in the latter case having anchoring means of the various modifications shown. These are merely illustrative .and intended to point out only some of the possibilities,

although it is not to be assumed that the various methods are equivalent to each other.

In general the lowermost slab of the wall structure in the'various modifications and figures referred to are first registered on either side of the studs along the lower edge of the slab with the flanges of the base, for example. the channel-,-

iron which surmounts the foundations, not illustrated, and is then tipped into position between the studs with the flanges 8 along the vertical edges of the slab bearing against the faces 0. the studs on both sides. The next highest slab is then registered in proper position. The upper edge of the uppermost slab is preferably pinned I in place by spikes and preferably in order to facilitate proper location of the slabs a special relathe slaband protruding from the side edges Y thereof such as the horizontal rods 8 or variations thereof indicated by the letters. The modifications described in Figs. 22 to v24 inclusive .depart somewhat from the principle but the attaching bar is substantially parallel to the width and to the outer and inner faces of the slabs as are the penetrating rods or tubes.

In the modifications about to be described in Figs. 29 to 35 inclusive, the attaching means comprise various devices which are transverse to the thickness of the slabs or in general perpendicular to the faces. 7

All of the various modifications, as previously pointed out, however, are recessed and/or corner notched to conform to the studs or to the brackets attached thereto and they are disposed in opposite pairs, the outer faces of which are in substantially parallel planes and the inner faces of which are in opposed relationship either abutting each other or in a spaced relationship. The panels or slabs are. in general, of greater width and length than thickness. The faces of the panels or slabs are in general defined by width and length. The upper and lower edges are defined by width and thickness and the side edges by length and thickness.

Referring now to Figs. 29 to inclusive, Fig. 29 is a modification of the wall structure described with wall slabs 32 disposed on both sides of the flanges of the stud I, the wall slabs being provided with elongated recesses in the opposite side edges in such a way that the recesses are brought into registration with the studs to form an enlarged recess enclosingand/or surrounding the studs. This also applies to the other modiflcations shown in the figures.

Flanges or projecting shoulder 8b of the wall slabs register with the flanges of the studs and are attached to members 35 which may be wood, positioned between the inner flanges of the studs by nailing, illustrated by 36 or by other means. Offset shoulder 80 of the wall slab may alsoregister with the nailing member when the latter is used. Other similar means of attaching the slabs direct to the studs such as screws, bolts and the like may be employed, in which case the attaching members do not protrude through the finish or I the slabs are attached to the nailing members and the nail heads are countersunk or inset so as when found desirable. The slabs 31 are recessed in the same manner as in Fig. 29 to permit registration with the studs I, projecting shoulders or-flanges of the slabs 8h registering with the externalfianges of the studs and offset shoulders 81 completing the large recess surrounding the studs. The slabs are held together by a plurality of staples 39 transversely disposed, the tangs 39 of which are embedded in the thickness of abutting slabs or panels.

Fig. 33 represents a similar arrangement for Fig. 29 in which wooden stud members Ia replace the metal stud members I shown in Fig. 29. The slabs 31 register in the same manner with the studs Ia, as described, with projecting shoulder or flange Bf-reglstering with the outer faces of the studs and offset shoulder So with the sides of the studs. The slabs are in abutting relationship and are held in place by nailing or screwing to the studs illustrated by 35. The nails or screws are preferably countersunk or inset and the holes finished with plaster to avoid or reduce conductivity of heat. Exterior finish or siding 3! may be held in place by nails 31' and an interior finish is shown as 38. A base plate .40 which, in this case, may be wood illustrates one form of support on the foundation. Fig. 34 is a modification wherein the slabs 3k recessed, as described, to register with thestud I are held in place by bolts 42 inserted in apertures 4i provided for the same through the sides of the slabs or panels, the bolt passing througha slot 43 in bar 44 and secured thereon by washer and nut 46. The bar is attached at its ends upon adjacent stud members and disposed between eachpair oif panels. A plurality of such spaced bars may be employed. Fig. 35 shows a modification of the type wall described in Fig. 34 wherein the slabs 31 are recessed so that projecting shoulder orflange 3d in the slabs register with. the outer flanges of the stud and offset shoulder 8c of the slabs complete the large recess confining the stud. Bar 43' is provided with threaded openings 43" into which is screwed or otherwise secured bolt 42' inserted through the aperture 4I' in the slab Hand held more securely by washer 45'.

In both of the modifications shown in Figs. 34 and '35 the apertures or openings in the'panels throughwhich the bolts are inserted and are preferably countersunk or inset to avoid or reduce heat conduction and may be filled with plastax or other suitable material, preferably of insulating characteristics.

Figs. 36 to 46 inclusive show various modiflcations oi the invention wherein the wall slabs are held in place by bars having opposite angularly bent longitudinal flanges, the face of one flange being attached to a stud member while the opposite fiange-registers in a'recess provided in the bottom edge of the slab or panel to carry the same. Referring to Figs. 36 and 37, the wall slabs 3m are provided with arecess or groove II in its bottom edge which fits the upper flange ll of the Z-bar 49 and the lower flange II of which fits into a recess II provided for the same. The Z- auspsa sontal portion of the Z-bar and with the projecting shoulder 5|" of the slab above. Other types of barsmay be similarly employed when found suitable. a

In the modifications shown in Figs. 36 and 37 the slabs are separated. Figs. 38 and 39 show a somewhat similar arrangement to that shown in Figs. 36 and 37 except that the slabs are in abutting relationship. The slabs 3n are recessed in such a manner that they confine the stud I, projecting shoulder flanges OZ registering with the faces of the stud and ofiset shoulder Iii-completing the large recess. Z-bar 49 is attached to adjacent studs, as described for Fig.36, the upper flange registering in the recess provided for the same and the lower flange being attached to the stud. The line of contact 56 shows the abutting relationship. Figs. 40 and 41 are similar to Figs.

36 and 37 except that wooded studs Ib are employed instead of metal studs I.

The wall modifications in Figs. 42 to 46 inclusive correspond to those in Figs. 36 to 41 inclusive particularly in respect to the attaching and supporting means for the wall slabs or panels. The principal difference is that in Figs. 42 to 46 inclusive single slabs are employed while in Figs.

36 to 41 and all other modifications shown-hereinpairs of slabs are used. The same means of support forthe slabs are employed in both cases, namely, the use of a Z-bar or in general a bar having opposite angularly bent longitudinal flanges, the face of one flange being attached to a stud member, the opposite flange registering in a recess provided in a bottom edge of the slab or panel to carry the same.

In Figs. 42 to 44.inclusive slab 30 has a suitable recess or groove in its bottom edge to permit registration of upwardly bent flange 50 of bar 49 in the same. Downwardly bent flange 5| of bar 49 registers in recess or groove 5 I The slabs 30 are also provided with vertical projecting shoulders 51, 58 and 58' to permit closer fitting.

and easier location of the top edges of the lower slabs with the bottom edges of the upper ad-v jacent slabs. The ends of bar 49 are attached to adjacent studs ID in the case of Fig. 42 of wood. The slabs are recessed to surround three sides of the stud namely the back and sides. This is illustrated in Fig. 44 where projecting shoulders" 8i register with the back of the studs and offset shoulder alt-registers with the sides.- Fig. 42 shows a wood foundation plate 48' and Fig. 43 foundation plates 48' and iiflbaseboard support 54' and foundation 53.-

Figs. 45 and 46 correspond to Figs. 43 and 44" respectively excepting that metal studs are employed in the former. 'In Figs. 45 and 46 slabs in are recessed to permit registration of project- 'ing shoulders 'or flanges M on the same with the back flange of the stud I. Offset shoulders 8m form recesses on the sides of the stud. Separate pieces of insulating board 59 are fitted over the front of the stud.. Other. suitable filling may be used here such as nailing strips, etc. Bar 44 is employed in Figs. 45 and 46 including registration in recesses of the slabs in the same manner as with Figs. 43'and 44. i

Figs. 47 and 48 show still another of wallslabs and method and means of attaching the same.

Bars 60 are interposed between adjacent studs I and attached on both sides thereto-by welding or other means. .Proje'cting from the face of the bars are projections, prongs or tangs 6I which are embedded in opposite interior faces of the slabs or panels 3a. A tongue-and-groove con- Projecting and offset shoulders struction defined by shoulders 8' and 8a' and provided by abutment of opposite pairs of slabs or panels between horizontal edges of adjacent superimposed slabs is shown and serves to join them and to prevent infiltration of air. The inner faces of the slabs on both sides abut. .63 is the exteriorfinish or siding and 64 the interior finish. 65 and 65' represent baseboard and molding.

8 and 8a are provided as usual in the slabs to form recesses for the studs. a

Fig. 49 is a portion of a cross-sectional plan view and Fig. 50 illustrates a (vertical) crosssection through the side-wall, floors, ceiling and roof of a portion of a typical one-story structure, employing features of the invention. This structure employs a conventional poured concrete foundation, the upper portion of one wall of which is indicated at 53. A base plate 48 is provided in the foundation for the outer walls of the structure and in this particular case, comprises a channel with its 'flanges embedded in the concrete foundation and which is also preferably retained by anchor-bolts or the like, not illustrated. A flat plate, channel, I or H-beam, or the like may, of course, be substituted by channel 48' when desired.

- be attached thereto by bolting,

' Wood joists are illustrated in this particular embodiment of the invention, although, metal or concrete joists or the like may be employed, if desired. The floor joists 66 may rest upon foundation 53 or upon wood or metal plate, not illustrated. A sub-floor 61 and finished floor 68 of conventional form are shown here, althoughany desired type and form of floor material may be employed.

Spaced stud me hers I for the outer walls of the structure are mounted upon the base plate 48.

The ceiling is supported by joints 10 and comprises sheets 69 of rigid insulating material or the like nailed to the joists in any conventional manner not illustrated. Plaster indicated at 1| may be applied to the under surface of sheets 69 to finish the ceiling.

Rafters 12 are supported on wood plate 13 which in turn is supported on joists I0 and by supporting metal member I4. Suitable sheating I5 and shingles 16 of any conventional form are attached to rafters in the usual manner.

The portions of the structure so far described are conventional and are intended to illustrate how conventional ro'of, floor and ceiling construction can be employed in conjunction with the features of the invention,

It is, of course, to be understood that any other conventional, as well as special types of roof, floor and ceiling construction may be employed in conjunction with the features of the invention and such departures from the construction here illustrated are entirely within the scope of the invention. i

Stud member I inthe'partlcular case here illustrated is preferably of metal standard or special I-beams, nels, T-bars, angles or the like, or special drawn, stamped or formed metal shapes of any desired type, may be employed. Wood studs may be employed, when desired, but, in such cases, wood beam is preferably substituted for the metal member 14. 3

The metal studs may be welded'at their top and bottom ends to members 48 and I4 or may other conventional manner,

which is particularly concerned with the outer walls of the structure.

and may comprise H -columns, chan riveting, or any Wall slabs 32 and 31 are similar to those in the figures already described and are shown-in Fig. 50 to illustrate the adaptation of the features of the invention to this particular form of structure,

but, it will, of course, be understood that any of 5 the other specific forms of wall slabs disclosed herein and any of the methods for attaching the same to the stud members are equally adaptable.

Referring to the arrangement and attaching means for the bars Bil are interposed between adjacent studs l and attached to both sides thereof as in Figs. 47 and 58. Projecting from the face of the bars and tangs or prongs iii which are embedded in opposite interior faces of the slabs or panels 32 and 15 The slabs are substantially'the same except that 32 is shown provided with nailing strips 62 to nail or otherwise attach the exterior siding or other exterior finish. The horizontal edges of the adjacent and superimposed slabs are notched or 20 flanged and serve to join them as well as to prevent infiltration of air. The'projecting and offset shoulders are indicated respectively by 8" and aalll..

Nailing strips may be employed wherever con- 25 venient' or necessary for attaching either interior or exterior finishes. These only comprise wood strips suitably disposed in the slabs.

Although wood-siding is indicated at 63 in Fig.

50 the invention contemplates the use of any de- 30 sired type of exterior finish for the wall slabs, such as, for example, brick or stone veneer, stucco, metal siding, or the like. Exterior finishes, such as plywood, or sheets of any other desired material which is sufiiciently resistant to deterioration 35 from moisture and varying weather conditions, may be applied to the slabs after they are installed or may be furnished integral with the individual wall slabs, being attached, in the latter case, to the underlying surface ofthe slabs by 0 glueing, or in any other desired manner.

A plaster finish 64, applied directly to the in-. terior surface of the wall slabs, is here illustrated, although the invention contemplates the useof any other accepted type of interior finish, such as 5 for example, wood or plywood panels, metal sheets, tiling or simulated tile, linoleum or the like which may be integral with the slabs as they are installed, or may be attached thereto in any desired manner after the slabs are installed in so the wall. Reinforced mesh, such as expanded metal lath, or the like, may be employed with plaster or other plastic finishes on the interior surface of the wall, when desired, as well as with the stucco finishes, or the like, for the exterior surface.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the invention provides a number of related but nonequivalent methods and means of I attaching slabs of wall materials to spaced stud members in the walls of a structure. Each of these methods and means is particularly well adapted to use with.

wall slabs composed primarily of the so-called rigid type of heat-insulating material such as gypsum blocks, slabs of insulation'composed of fibrous materials, of vegetable, animal or mineral origin, as well as other types of insulating slabs, blocks such as, for example, cast or molded materials containing ingredients of good insulating quality or a high percentage of relatively I small voids or pockets of entrapped air or inert gas. The features of the invention are particularly'desirable in connection with the use of slabs or blocks of insulating materials since the methods and means of attachment provided do wall slabs in both Figs. 49 and 50, 0

not materially decrease However, the invention is not limited .to the use of materials of good heat insulating quality for the wall slabs, since the methods and means herein provided for attaching the slabs to spaced stud members will also prove advantageous for attaching other types of wall materials, particularly in certain types of buildings. where a high degree of insulating efdciency is not essential. Molded of precast slabs of hydraulic cement, concrete, natural or synthetic resins, ceramicmaterials and the like may be attached to the framing members of any type of structure in the manner and by the means herein provided.

As applied to buildings such as houses, offlce buildings, factories and the like, any desired form and type of interior and exterior wall materials may be utilized in conjunction with the wall slabs. When plaster is employed as an interior finish it is preferably applied directly to the interior surface of the slabs although expanded metal lath, wire mesh or the like may, of course, be utilized as a base, when desired. Stucco and-kellastone or the like may be applied to the exterior surface of the slabs either without or, preferably, with a suitable reinforcing mesh. Brick or stone veneer may be applied over the slabs and wood or metal siding of any desired type as well as wood or composition shingles may be employed as an external finish. When wood siding, shingles or panels of wood, metal or composite materials are employed suitable nailing strips may-be anchored to the slabs in any desired manner such as, for example, by embedding or anchoring bolts, metal clips or the like in the insulating material and attaching. the same to the nailing strips. Masonry veneer may also be anchored to the slabs in a similar manner.

It will also be understood that, although metal studs such as I-beams or H-columns are shown in the illustrations, wcodframing may be employed with equal facility, in which case the wood studs may be of either square, rectangular, I 'or H shape in the cross-section, with the clips or brackets for attaching the slabs either nailed or bolted thereto. v

It will, of course, be understood that various combinations of the features of the invention, other than the combinations illustrated and de-' scribed, will-be obvious to those skilled in the art and are therefore entirely within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. The same applies to various modifications and minor departures from the specific forms of wall slabs as well as the method and means of attaching the wall slabs, herein illustrated and described.

I claim as my invention: .1. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of wall material disposed in pairs, the outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and extending between adlacent studs and the inner faces of said slabs being adapted to pass between the edges of said studs, attaching means for the slabs, the

said wall being further characterizedin that the studs and attaching means are covered by a substantial thickness of the wall material.

2. .A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of wallmaterial disposed in pairs, the outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and extending be tween adjacent studs and the inner faces ofsaid posed in pairs,

slabs being adapted to pass between the edges of said studs, attaching means for the slabs, the said wall being further characterized in that the studs are covered by a substantial thickness of the wall material.

3. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of insulating material disthe outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and extending between adjacent studs and the inner' faces of said slabs being adapted to pass between the edges of said studs, attaching means for the slabs, the said wall in that the studs and attaching means are covered by a substantial thickness of the insulating material.

4. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of insulating material disposed in pairs, the outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and extending between adjacent studs and the inner faces of said slabs being adapted to pass between theedges of said studs, attaching means comprising members adapted to pass through the face and thickness of the slab, the said wall being further being further characterized substantial thickness of the insulating material.

5. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of wall material disposed in pairs, theouter faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and the interior faces of which substantially abut and are adapted to pass between the edges of adjacent studs, attaching means for the slabs, the said wall being further characterized in that the studs and attaching means are covered by a substantial thickness of the wall material. I

6. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of insulating material disposed in pairs, the outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and the interior faces of which substantially abut and are adapted to pass between the edges'of adjacent studs, attaching means for the slabs, the said wall being further characterized in that the studs and attaching means are covered by a substantial being provided with elongated recesses opening toward one face of said slabs, said recesses being provided in opposite side edges of said slabs and said slabs are disposed in side edge abutting relationshipwhereby said recesses are brought into registration to form an enlarged recess, said stud members being positioned and said enlarged recess.

8. A wall structure comprising a plurality of vertically disposed spaced stud members, pairs of oppositely disposed slabs of wall material carried between said spaced stud members, said slabs being provided with elongated recesses opening toward one face of said slabs, said recesses being provided in opposite side edges of said slabs and said slabs are disposed in side edge abutting relationship whereby said recesses are brought'into registration to form an enlarged'recess, said stud members being positioned and confined within said enlarged recess and means for securing said panels to said stud members.

9. A wall structure comprising a plurality of vertically disposed spaced stud members, pairs confined within at slabs inface abutting relationship carried be- "*tweems id 7 spaced stud members, each (if-said form an enlarged retween said spaced stud members, each of said into registration with and panels having opposite side edgescorner-notched. case for said stud.

the notched corners or theface abutting panels 15. A wall comprising, in combination,- spaced opening .towardeach other to provide elongated stud members, slabs of'wall material disposed in recesses in the side edges of thepairs of panels, pairs the inner faces of which substantially abut 5 said recesses when the pairs of panels are carand extending between adjacent studs, attaching ried between the studsregisteringwith eachother means for the slabs disposed on said studs at to provide enlarged recesses, said-stud members spaced intervals, auxiliary members embedded in beingdpositioned and confined within said ensaid slabs at spaced intervals, portions of said larg recess.

10. A wall structure comprising a plurality of vertically disposed spaced stud members, pairs of slabs in face abutting relationship carried bemeans for engaging said protruding portions with said attaching means on the studs, whereby to attach the slabs to the studs, the said slabs being 7 i I provided with elongated recesses in opposite side panels havinTopposltasid JQFQ edges thereof and disposed in side edge abutting ed, the notched corners of the face -abuttins relatlonshipwhereby said recesses are brought panels opening tow d ac t r t pr i e e into registration with'and form-an enlarged recess gated recesses .in the side edges of the pairs of 1 agid mm P8 1 said r when the pair M are 18. A wall comprising, in combination, spaced carried between the studs regi r w each stud members, slabs of wall material disposed in other to provide enlarged said st pairs the outer faces ofwhich are disposed in mem e being p i n nd nfi within substantially parallel planes and extending besaid enlarged recess and mean 1 securing $93G tween adjacent studs, auxiliary members embedslabs to said stud members. ded in the slabs at spaced intervals, said auxiliary 11- A W omprl nfl. in combination. Spaced membersprotruding'only from edges of the slabs g5 stud members, slabs OLWBn material disp ed in and being adapted to pass between the edges of p 0111181418068 1 which are disposed in adjacent *studs, and means for attaching the substantially parallel planes and extending protruding portions of said auxiliary members to tween djacent studs, M1 8 11108118 the the studs, whereby to maintain the slabs in posislabs disposed on said studs at spaced interv ls. tion in the wall. I aux ry members embedded 581d. S 17. A wall comprising, in combination, spaced p e int rv s. p rtions or s id auxi ry m stud members, slabs or rigid building material bers protruding o the slabs means disposed in pairs the outer faces of which arev en aging said protruding Portions with said lfldisposed in substantially parallel planes and extaching studs wherebyto attach tending between 3 agent. studs, auxiliary 35 the slabs. to the studs. bers embedded in the slabs at spaced intervals,

12. A Wall compr s in comblnflflon, spaced said auxiliary members protruding only from stud members, slabs of wall mat r imposed in vertical edges of the slabs and being adapted to pairsthe outer faces of which are in pass between the edges of adjacent studs, and Sub an i ly P r l P151188 fi E 151161 faces means for attaching the protruding portions of so of which are jux po 6 extending between said auxiliary members to the studs, whereby to adjacent 8 tt%ching means the 818M maintain the slabs in position in the wall. weed on said studs at sp ed'i 11 7 18. A wall comprising, in combination, spaced members embeddedin said-slabsa 'sp interstud members, slabs of insulating material disvals, portions of said auxiliary members protrud nsfrom the slabs, and means for e s s s posed in substantially PGI'8%13H6 and exsaid protr in portio with s attaohins tending between. adjacent studs, auxiliary memmeans on the studs, whereby to attach the slabs bers. embedded in the slabs at spaced intervals;

to the studs, Wary members protruding only irom o wprisingfin com l Spaced edges of the slabs and being adapted to pass bean pairs the inner faces of which substantially abut for attaching t studmemb rs. abs of wall m te dim in tween the edges of adjacent studs, and means protruding portions of said and extending b we adjacent studs, attaching auxiliary members to the studs, whereby to main 'means for the slabs dispose on Bald Ill-1168 8J5 tain the slabs in position in the wall. v, p d in rv lfl, u ry members embedded in 19. A with comprising, in combination, spaced 55 n r o said stud members, slabs of wall material disposed in faces of which are disposed in planes and extending be- I tween adjacent studs, suspending means comto attach the slabs to the studs. 3 prising relatively slender members. embedded in so 14. A wall comprising, in combination, spaced the slabs and disposed at spaced intermediate stud members, slabs of wall material disposed in points along opposite vertical edges of the slabs,

pairs the outer faces of which are disposed insaid suspending means being adapted to pass besubstantially parallel planes and extending be-- tween thevertical edges of adjacent studs, sepatween adjacent studs, attaching means. for the rate suspending means for the slabs attached to 05 slabs disposed on said studs at spaced intervals, the studs at spaced intervals and means for enauxiliary members embedded in said slabs at gaging the suspending means embedded in the spaced intervals, portions of said auxiiiary memslabs with the suspending means on said studs; bers protruding" from the slabs, and means for I whereby to attach the slabs to the studs. engaging said protruding portions with. said at- 20. A wall comprising, in combination, spaced 70 taching means on the studs. whereby to attach .stud members, a slab of wall material disposed. the slabs to the studs, the said slabs being proin pairs the outer faces of which are disposed in vided with elongated recesses'in opposite side substantially parallel planes and extendlngbeedges thereof and disposed in side edge abutting tween adjacent studs, attaching means for the relationship whereby are brought. slabs, comprising brackets provided with open-s6 auxiliary members protruding from theslabs, and 10 posed in pairs the outer faces of whici ge -dis ai "aisaoea in'gs and-disposed on said studs at spaced interauxiliary reiatively'slender members extending vals, auxiliary" relatively slender members exinto the slab at spaced intermediate pointsalong '-tending into-the slab at spaced intermediate the vertical edgesthereof, said auxiliary-members points along the vertical edges thereof, said auxving portionswhich protrude from said vertid, members having portions which protrude cal edges of the slabs, and means for registering 5 i from saidvertical edges oi the slab, and means said protruding portions of the auxiliary members for entering said protruding portions of the auxwith the slots in said brackets, whereby to attach- .i-liary members into the openings in said brackthe. slab to the studs. etaIhereby to-attach the slabs'to the studs 23. A well comprising, incombination, spaced 1 '10 21. 5 will comprising,in combination, spaced ud members, slabs oi wall material disposed in 10 studmembers,aslabofwalimaterialdisposed Dairatheohteri'acesois'vhicharedisposedin in pairs the inner faces on which substantially substantially parauel planes and the interior shut and extending between adjacent studs, atfacesoi which are spaced from each other, the 1 tachingmeans for the slabs, comprising bracketsinner faces of said slabs being adapted to pass is provided with openings and disposed on said studs I between the edges of adjacent attaching ""1 f at spaced intervals, auxiliary relatively slender mesnsior the slabs, the saidivali beingiurtherl, 1 members extending intotheslab aLspaced-inter haracterised in that the studs and attaching,

medisteipointrsionim edges thereof, means are covered by a submantlal thickness of said auxiliary members having portions which wall material. I

protrude from said vertical edges of the 24. A wall comprising, in combination, spaced and means for entering said protruding portions stud members, slabs of insulating material dis-,

oi the auxiliary members into the openings in posed in pairs, the outer faces of which are disam, whereby to attach the slabs to the in substantially parall el planes and the l I er iacesoi which are spaced from each other, as I .m. a wailcomp l ns. in om i ati n. ced

theinneriacesoisaid slabsbeingadaptedto stud members, a slab 0! wall material disposed pass between the edges of adjacent studs, at-

- in pairs the outer faces of which are disposed in taching means for the slabs, the said wall being substantially parallel planes and extending befurther inthat the studs are'covtween adjacent studs, attaching means for the ered by a substantial thickness of the insulating iu'slammprlsingbraeketsprovidedwithslots material. an and-disposedonsaidstuds-atspacedintervah. JACQUEGMORRELL. 

